Paper comes in a variety of weights, sizes, and textures that enable all manner of office and creative print jobs. While variety is what makes paper so functional and versatile, it's also part of what makes paper so misunderstood. Let's clear up a few things about the definitions and potential uses of different paper weights.
There are three primary methods to distinguish the weight of paper: U.S. basis weight, metric weight (aka grammage), and points or mils. Here's how these different measurements compare:
Paper Weight Chart
| Type of paper | Available weights | Common uses |
|---|---|---|
| Bond paper | 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 pounds |
|
| Book paper | 30 to 115 pounds | Print books, booklets, catalogs, magazine publications, and posters |
| Cover paper | 60 to 120 pounds | Business cards, door hangers, menus, invitations, postcards, rack cards, report covers, self-mailers, and sketching |
| Index paper | 90, 110, and 140 pounds | Index cards, postcards, tabs and dividers, manila folders, and sketchbooks |
| Tag paper | 50, 60, 70, 80, and 100 pounds | Retail signage, price tags, table tents, file folders, door hangers, direct mail postcards, menus, posters, and time cards |
| Text paper | 50, 60, 70, 80, and 100 pounds | Commercial printing operations for brochures, letterhead print jobs, stationery, internal memos, and thesis papers |
Of course, the numbers don't tell the whole story. In order to truly understand paper weight, we need to know how these measurements are obtained.
The U.S. basis weight method represents a measurement of the weight of 500 sheets of a paper size in its uncut form. For example, an uncut sheet of bond paper is 17 x 22 inches before it's cut to letter size. If 500 sheets of the paper in its 17 x 22 form weigh 20 pounds, then the paper is labeled “20 lb” after it's cut to letter size. As you can imagine, these measurements can be difficult to understand for several reasons: First, higher values don't necessarily correspond to heavier paper. Second, there is no standard size for the uncut paper, which can make it hard to compare different weights. Third, two papers may share the same basis weight but have markedly different characteristics. Because of the potential for confusion, most reams of paper list a metric measurement along with the U.S. basis weight.
The metric weight method is much more straightforward: It's represented as the weight of a sheet of paper cut to a 1 x 1 meter square and written out as grams per square meter (GSM). Because the size of the weighed paper is always the same, this provides a more clear-cut comparison between different paper weights.
Then there's the points or mils method, which is arguably the simplest: It involves using a caliper to weigh the exact thickness of a given piece of paper. These measurements are usually written out in thousandths of an inch. The thicker the paper, the higher the paper weight.
The Many Uses of Different Paper Weights
Even though it's the most confusing, the U.S. basis weight defines the paper types familiar to most Americans. These include bond, book, cover, index, tag, and text. Each of these types can encompass a variety of weights and is best suited for particular uses. Here's a basic overview.
- Bond paper (16, 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 pounds): Also known as writing paper, this is the type of paper weight for printer paper and copier paper. In addition to everyday printing, it's most commonly used for letterhead and stationery. Lighter-weight bond paper is ideal for faxes, printing emails, tracing, and use in high-speed copiers. Mid-weight bond paper is highly versatile and works well for reports, presentations, double-sided printing, legal documents, and proposals. Heavier-weight bond paper also works well for double-sided printing and presentations as well as signs, fliers, contracts, and resumes.
- Book paper (30 to 115 pounds): This category includes coated and uncoated papers of varying thicknesses. Book paper is commonly used to print books, booklets, catalogs, magazine publications, and posters.
- Cover paper (60 to 120 pounds): Commonly referred to as cardstock, cover paper is thick and stiff (although as you can see by the pound range, this thickness can vary substantially). It is frequently used for business cards, door hangers, menus, invitations, postcards, rack cards, report covers, self-mailers, sketching, and so on.
- Index paper (90, 110, and 140 pounds): As the name suggests, this stiff paper is most commonly used for index cards. It's also frequently used for postcards, tabs and dividers, manila folders, and sketchbooks.
- Tag paper (100 to 200 pounds): Highly durable and fairly stiff, tag paper is used for retail signage, price tags, table tents, file folders, door hangers, direct mail postcards, menus, posters, and time cards.
- Text paper (50, 60, 70, 80, and 100 pounds): : This type of paper is usually an upgrade in quality over book paper and is most commonly used in commercial printing operations. Uses for text paper may include brochures, letterhead print jobs, stationery, internal memos, and thesis papers.
When choosing the right paper weight for your needs, it's important to consider the type of print job, the audience, whether you want more flexible or stiffer pages, and whether you want the paper to have a coating. Answering these questions before purchasing helps ensure the job prints to your satisfaction.
